Just-In-Case manufacturing (JIC) is a term sometimes applied to the traditional manufacturing system. It is the opposite of Just In Time manufacturing.
In JIC, manufacturers need to maintain large inventories of supplies, parts, warehousing resources, and extra workers to meet production contingencies. These contingencies, more common in less industrialized countries, can be poor transportation, poor quality control, other suppliers' production problems, and environmental factors. This can lead to inefficiencies because a manufacturer has to have excess inventory and backups of "fragile" stages of production which can get out of sync and cause delays for other manufacturers.